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高中英语语法-unless与if…not的运用

来源:学大教育     时间:2015-06-08 20:05:17


英语学习最主要的就是要提高自己的英语词汇和语法基础,然后在学句子,这样英语就能够提升的很快了。下面小编就来为大家分享和总结高中英语语法-unless与if…not的运用,希望能够给同学们提供一定的帮助。

unless在意义上相当于if…not…,因此在有些场合if…not…可为unless所代替。但在有些场合又不能互换,我们要注意下面几种情况:

1.当if…not…引导非真实条件分句时,一般不可改用unless。 例如:

If she had not had an alarm clock,she would have missedthe train.(事实:她有闹钟。)

如果把上述例句中的if…not…换成unless,意义就相反了。

(误)Unless she had had an alarm clock, she would havemissed the train.(事实:她没有闹钟)

2.If…not…引导的条件分句可以重叠使用,unless则不可, 因为unless表示唯一条件。例如:

She won't lose weight if she doesn't keep a diet and ifshe does not take exercise every day.

3.unless引导的分句可用否定结构,而if…not …引导的分句不可再否定。例如:

Don't ask me to explain unless you really don't understand.

The directors have a meeting every Friday,unless there is nothing to discuss.

以上两例句中的unless不可换成if…not…。

4.在unless引导的肯定形式的条件分句中, 通常用肯定词(即some,already,still,too,as well等),在if…not…引导的分句中,通常用非肯定词(即any,yet,ever,either,at all等)。例如:

I will criticize you if you haven't spoken to her yet.

I will criticize you unless you have already spoken to her.

(误)…unless you have spoken to her yet.

不过在否定形式的非真实条件分句中,if…not …结构仍能与肯定词连用。例如:

If he hadn't already prepared his lesson, he wouldn't beallowed to go.(因为这种从句表面上是否定,实际上是肯定。)

5.在间接引语中,当if=whether,意为“是否”,unless 不可以代替if…not…。例如:

She promised to let me know if she wasn't coming.

6.当unless含有“除了”的意思,不可为if…not…所替代。例如:

He never stammers,unless when he is angry.( unless when=except when)

Nothing will come out of it, unless disaster.(unless=except)

7.当主句是疑问句时,不可用unless代替if…not…。 因为unless用在A情况发生,必导致B结果之类的复合句中。例如:

What shall we do it they don't reply to our letters?

8.当主句谓语是be+某些形容词或分词,如:glad,surprised,disappointed,satisfied,ashamed,delighted和pleased等, 不可用unless代替if…not…。例如:

I'll be really surprised if they don't come to the meeting.

I'll be quite glad if she doesn't join them.

之所以不能为unless代替,是强调否定条件的出现,表明在这种前题下的因果关系。以上条件状语从句都可变为原因状语从句。例如:

I'll be really surprised that they won't come to the meeting.

这里if被that代替了,而从句的否定结构不变。

综上所述,unless既等于if…not…,在某些场合又不相等, 因此要牢记它们之间的差别,准确地使用它们。

通过对高中英语语法-unless与if…not的运用的学习,我相信各位同学对于这单词的用法已经十分的熟悉了,希望大家能够注重基础,多多的去学习,提升自己的成绩。

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